Njengohlobo lwama-noodle, ama-noodle amasha futhi amanzi futhi anezici zombala omusha noluthambile, ukunambitheka okubushelelezi, ukunwebeka, ukunambitheka okuqinile, ukudla okunempilo, nokudla okulula nokuhlanzekile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-noodle omisiwe, ama-noodle amasha futhi amanzi futhi anezinzuzo zokusha, ukunambitheka okuhle, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza [1]. Baye bathandwa ngabantu ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi izinhlobo zabo ziningi. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokulungisa ukunambitheka nokunambitheka kwama-noodle wendabuko amasha we-WET amafushane kakhulu. Ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukuhlanzeka kwama-noodle amasha we-WET ngaphandle kokuthinta impilo yeshalofu kuseyinselele.
Umphumela wokucubungula ubuchwepheshe embuzaneni wama-noodle amasha we-WET
Ubuchwepheshe bokulungiswa kwendabuko kwama-noodle amasha we-WET ahlanganisa ukuncishiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza futhi ezisizayo, ukuxubana kwenhlama, ukukhiqizwa okuqhubekayo, ukuqina komoya, njengokushiswa inzalo, okufana nokugqilazwa kwe-ultraviolet), ukupakisha [2] nezinye izinqubo.
1, umphumela wendlela yama-noodle ahlanganisiwe ekugqekezweni kwama-noodle amasha futhi amanzi
I-Noodle ukuxuba iphuzu eliyisihluthulelo kwinqubo yokukhiqiza yama-noodle amasha, nezici ezifana nendlela, isikhathi nesivinini sokuxubana kwenhlama kunquma izinga lokuhlakazwa kwenhlama [3]. Izinga lenqubo yokuxubana yenhlama lithinta ngqo ikhwalithi yenqubo elandelayo kanye nomkhiqizo wokugcina [2]. Imishini esemqoka ngumshini wokuxuba inhlama.
I-Vacuum Flour Mixer imishini yokuxuba kafulawa ethuthuke kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Ngoba ingcindezi ye-vacuum igcinwa ku-mixer kafulawa, ukufudumala kukafulawa kuyagwenywa. Ngasikhathi sinye, amanzi anosawoti afafazwe ngefomu lenkungu ngaphansi kwengcindezi engemihle, namanzi anosawoti nefulawa ahlanganiswa ngokuphelele nangokulinganayo. Amaprotheni kufulawa angamunca ngokuphelele amanzi ngesikhathi esifushane. Inani lamanzi angeziwe lingaba ngu-46% noma ngaphezulu, akha inethiwekhi enhle kakhulu ye-gluten, okwenza ama-noodle anwebeka kakhulu [2].
Li Man et al. [4] Wenze ezinye izivivinyo ekuxubeni i-vacuum, ikakhulukazi efunda imiphumela ye-vacuum nangaphezulu kwezakhiwo ezingokomzimba nangamakhemikhali, i-microskructure kanye nesimo somswakama kanye nesimo somswakama sama-noodle amasha. Imiphumela iveze ukuthi ngokwanda kwe-vacuum, izici zokuthululwa ze-noodle ezimanzi ezimanzi zathuthukiswa kakhulu (p> 0.05), kepha lapho i-vacuum ingu-0.08 MPA, izici zokuthungwa kwama-noodle amasha amhlophe ayempofu. Lapho i-vacuum ingu-0.06 MPA, ama-noodle amasha amasha akhombisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zokuthunyelwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yokuskena i-elektroni ikhombisa ukuthi i-vacuum ne-noodle kwenziwa ukwakheka okuqhubekayo okuqhubekayo nokuhlangene kwama-noodle amasha. Ngokusobala, ucwaningo lwabo lukhombisa ukuthi ukuxubana kwe-vacuum kuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bama-noodle amasha ezimanzi ngezinga elithile, ngaleyo ndlela uthuthukise ukuqina nokuhlaziywa kwama-noodle amasha we-wet.
Umphumela wamafomula ahlukile ekugxumeni kwama-noodle amasha
1, umphumela wezithasiselo zokudla kubuhlakani bezinsimbi ezintsha ezimanzi
Njengamanje, izengezo zokudla zisetshenziswe kabanzi ensimini yokudla, ngezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlelo ezihlukile. Kunemikhakha engama-23 yezithasiselo zokudla eChina, futhi izinhlobonhlobo sezifinyelele ezingaphezu kuka-2000, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukhule unyaka ngonyaka [6]. Izengezo ezibandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kwe-noodle ikakhulukazi zifaka ama-gluten izikhuthazo namalungiselelo enzyme (anjenge-amylase), njll.
(1) Umphumela we-ejenti eqinisayo ekugcekeni kwama-noodle amasha
Amandla enhlama entsha emanzi athinta ukucwasa kwawo ngezinga elithile. I-Gluten Enhancer uhlobo lwesengezo sokudla esingaxhunyaniswa neprotheni ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-gluten ukucubungula kanye nokugcinwa kwegesi. Ngakho-ke, i-Gluten Enhancer inenzuzo ukuthuthukisa ama-hokemes amasha ama-noodle amasha.
1. I-Gluten Flour
I-Wheat Gluten, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-gluten esebenzayo, ingumkhiqizo oyimpuphu otholwe kukolweni ngokumiswa, ukuchoboza nezinye izinqubo ngemuva kokugezwa kwesitashi nezinye izinto ezincibilikisiwe amanzi zigezwa ngamanzi [7]. Izici eziphambili ze-gluten powder yi-glutenin ne-gliadin, enezinto ezifakwe emanzini, i-viscoeliastity, ukunkwa kwenyalo kanye nezinye izici. Kuyinhlama enhle kakhulu enenhlama, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwesinkwa, ama-noodle neminye imikhiqizo kafulawa.
UNiu Qiaojuan et al. . I-Wu Yang [9] iqhathanise imiphumela ye-gluten, usawoti kanye ne-xanthan gum ngekhwalithi yokupheka kanye nekhwalithi yemizwa yefulawa yokolweni eshaqiwe entsha ngesisekelo sokunquma isilinganiso sikakolweni we-bran kanye nokolweni omanzi.
Ucwaningo lokuhlola lukaWu Yang luthole ukuthi inethiwekhi ye-gluten eyakhiwe phakathi kwe-gluten nefulawa kakolweni ingathuthuka kakhulu ukuqina kwendawo entsha emanzi. Lapho inani le-Gluten Explume lingu-1.5% ~ 2.5%, okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni nokuhlaziywa kwemizwa kwendawo entsha emanzi kuthuthuke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngokuya ngobuhlakani kanye nokuqina.
Ngakho-ke, inani elifanele le-gluten powder lingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yama-noodle amasha emanzi ngezinga elithile, ukuze ama-noodle amasha amhlophe abonise ukuhlafuna kangcono.
2. I-Cassava eguquliwe isitashi, i-sodium alginate
Isitashi se-cassava esiguquliwe singatholakala ngokuguqulwa, futhi singasetshenziswa njengoMkhulu, i-Stabilizer, Umenzeli wokugcina amanzi, i-ejenti yokwanda, njll. Embonini yokudla.
I-sodium alginate iyi-anionic polysaccharide ekhishwe eKelp noma ihhashi le-algae elinsundu. I-molecule yayo yakhiwa nge-β- β-mannuronic acid (β- dmannonic, m) kanye ne-α- geluouronic acid (α- gcilouronic acid (α- guluuronic acid (α- guluuronic, g) ixhunyiwe ngokucindezela (1]. Isixazululo esinamanzi se-sodium alginate sinokubonakala okuphezulu futhi manje sesisetshenziswa njengesikhulu, i-stabilizer, emulsifier, njll. Kokudla.
I-Mao Rujing [11] yathatha ufulawa omusha omanzi njengento yocwaningo, futhi yafunda imiphumela yezinguquko ezintathu ezisezingeni eliphakeme njenge-cassava starch, i-sodium algite kanye ne-gluten kwizici zefulawa ezimanzi ezintsha. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi lapho okuqukethwe kwesitashi seCassava esiguquliwe kwakungu-0.5%, i-sodium alginate yayingu-0.4% futhi i-gluten ibingu-4%, ama-noodle amasha amhlophe ayenezici ezinhle. Ukusebenza okuyinhloko ukuthi ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwama-noodle amasha anciphile, ngenkathi ubulukhuni, ubukhazikhazi nokuvuselelwa kwenziwa ngcono.
Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ama-gluten enhancers ama-gluten (Tapioca aguquliwe isitashi, i-sodioca alginate ne-gluten) ngcono ubuhlakani obusha obumanzi noodle ngezinga elikhulu.
(Ii) Umphumela we-amylase ekuphathweni kwama-noodle amasha
zisuselwe ku-α- izakhiwo ze-amylase, shi yanpei et al. [12] ufunde imiphumela yamanani ahlukene we-α- umphumela we-amylase kwikhwalithi yama-noodle amasha we-WET WET. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi: α- ukwanda kwenani le-amylase elingeziwe, ikakhulukazi lapho i-α- uma inani lokungezwa le-amylase lalingu-150 mg / l, ubulukhuni, nobunzima bokuthi ezinye izinto zokuthungwa kwama-noodle amasha anenzuzo kakhulu ukuzuzisa ukubhekana nokuhlaziywa kwama-noodle amasha.
I-2, umphumela we-chestnut Chestnut e-Chinese ku-Phemalowark of noodle okusha
I-Chestnut inemisebenzi eminingi yezempilo. Inama-acid ama-acid acebile acebile, angalawula ama-lipid egazi. Kubantu abane-Hypertension kanye nesifo senhliziyo ye-coronary, kungukudla okuhle kwe-tonic [13]. Njengokufaka esikhundleni sefulawa kakolweni, i-chestnut chestnut yonke ifulawa ihlanganiswa ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, anezici zenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic, okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni ama-gluten, aphezulu [14].
Ukungeza inani elifanelekile le-chestnut powder ekhompyuter yefomula yama-noodle amasha angeke kuthuthukise izinhlobo zama-noodle amasha, kodwa futhi uthuthukise inani lokudla okunempilo kwama-noodle amasha we-wet.
Li Yong et al. [15] Wenze izivivinyo zocwaningo ethonyeni le-chestnut powder ephelele kwikhwalithi yama-noodle amasha. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ubulukhuni, ukuhlafuna kanye nokunamathela kwama-noodle amasha amanzi kukhuphuke kuqala bese kwenziwa ukwenyuka kokungezelelwa kwe-chestnut powder, ikakhulukazi lapho i-chestnut powder yengezwa ifinyelele ku-20%, izici zayo zokuthungwa zifinyelela okuhle kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, li Yong et al. . Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi: Okuqukethwe okuphelele kwesitashi nokuqukethwe kwesitashi sokugaya kwesitashi sefulawa esisha nesimanzi chestnut ngokufakwa kwefulawa esifubeni yonke kwehle kancane kancane ngokungezwa kwefulawa ephelele ye-chestnut. Ukungezwa kwefulawa ephelele ye-chestnut kunganciphisa kakhulu i-Starch yokugaya kanye ne-ushukela inkomba (GI) yefulawa ye-chestnut entsha nemanzi. Lapho ukwengezwa kwefulawa ephelele ye-chestnut kudlula ama-20%, kungashintsha ufulawa wekolweni omusha omanzi kusuka ekudleni okuphezulu kwe-EGI (Egi> 75) kuya kokudla okuphakathi kwe-EGE (55
Ngokuvamile, inani elifanele le-chestnut powder lonke lingathuthukisa ama-howkiness ama-noodle amasha amhlophe futhi anciphise ukugaya kwesitashi kanye nenkomba kashukela yama-noodle amasha.
I-3, umphumela wefulawa ekubukeni kwama-noodle amasha amasha
(1) Umphumela we-Flour Particle usayizi kokuhlaziyiwa kwefulawa emanzi entsha
Ufulawa kakolweni yiyona ebaluleke kunazo zonke eluhlaza ekhiqizwayo kafulawa omusha omanzi. Ufulawa kakolweni onekhwalithi ehlukile nobubanzi bezinhlayiyana (ezaziwa nangokuthi ufulawa) ungatholakala ngokuhlanza, ukuchelela, ukubhebhana (ukubhebhana (ukufakwa komsila, ukupaka kanye nemisipha kanye nomonakalo wesakhiwo sezinhlayiyana zesitashi [18].
Usayizi wokusanhlamvu kakolweni ungesinye sezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ikhwalithi yefulawa emanzi entsha, kanti usayizi wokusanhlamvu kafulawa uncike ekuqinisekisweni kwawo kokucubungula.
Qi jing et al. [19] Watadisha wahlola ukuthungwa, imizwa, engokomzimba neyomakhemikhali kafulawa omusha omanzi owenziwe ngofulawa onobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bezinhlayiya. Imiphumela yocwaningo yezimpawu zokuthululwa kwayo ibonisa ukuthi ubulukhuni, ubumbano, ukuhlanza kanye nokuqina kwempuphu emisha emanzi kukhuphuke kakhulu ngohlobo lwefulawa olusha oluphakathi kwefulawa oluphakathi kwe-160 ~ 180 Meshes Finyelela okuhle kakhulu.
Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi usayizi wokusanhlamvu kakolweni ufulawa waba nethonya elikhulu kwizimpawu zokuthululwa kwama-noodle amasha, okuthinta kakhulu ukuhlafuna ama-noodle amasha we-WET WET.
(2) Umphumela wokushisa owomile waphatha ufulawa wokuhlaziywa kwefulawa okusha nemvula
Ukwelashwa okushisa okulomile okulungile kwefulawa akukwazi ukunciphisa kuphela okuqukethwe umswakama kufulawa, ukubulala ama-microorganisms namaqanda kufulawa, kepha futhi kungasebenzi ama-enzyme efulawa [20]. Izici eziphambili ezithinta izici zokucubungula ufulawa zingamaprotheni ama-gluten kanye nama-molecule wesitashi empumulo. Ukwelashwa okushisa okulomile kuzokwenza i-polymerize gluten, ngaleyo ndlela kube nomthelela omkhulu ezicini zokucubungula ufulawa [21].
Wang zhizhong [22] wafunda futhi wahlola ama-noodle amasha futhi amanzi enziwe ngofulawa owomile nowokushisa. Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ufulawa owomile nowokushisa angathuthukisa ubunzima nokuvuselelwa kwama-noodle amasha namanzi, futhi anciphise ukuqina nokuqina kwama-noodle amasha. Ubulukhuni baso nokuvuselelwa kwalo kufinyelele phezulu ku-120 ℃, kanye nesikhathi esihle kakhulu sokwelashwa kobulukhuni kwakuyimizuzu engama-60, isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokwelashwa sokushisa se-masticicution singamaminithi angama-30. Lokhu kufakazele ukuthi ukuhlafuna kwefulawa okusha nemvula kwathuthukiswa yifulawa yokwelashwa okushisa eyomile ngezinga elithile.
I-4, umphumela we-yogurt ekuhlakanipheni kwama-noodle amasha
I-Yogurt uhlobo lomkhiqizo ovundliwe okhiqizwa ukuvutshelwa kanye nokutshala ama-bacterium athile athile we-lactic acid. Inokunambitheka okuhle, inani eliphakeme lokudla okunempilo, ukugaya okulula nokugaya, futhi kungathuthukisa ama-flora amathumbu futhi kulawule umsebenzi wesisu [23].
I-Yogurt ayigcini ngokugcina yonke imfanelo yemvelo yobisi olusha, kepha futhi ingakhiqiza amavithamini ahlukahlukene adingekayo ekudleni komuntu ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa, njengevithamini B1, iVithamini B2 neVitamin B6. Ngenxa yokuvutshelwa kwamagciwane e-lactic acid, ngenkathi uthuthukisa izakhamzimba, futhi kukhiqiza izinto ezithile ezisebenzayo zomzimba, ezingalawula kakhulu imisebenzi yomzimba [24].
Li zhen et al. . Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi ngokwanda kwenani le-yoghurt okungezwe, ubulukhuni kanye nokuhlaziywa kwama-noodle amasha amhlophe kukhuphuke kancane kancane, ngenkathi ukuhlakanipha, ukuqina nokuqina kancane kwehle kancane. Ubulukhuni kanye nokuhlaziywa kwama-noodle kuhlobene kahle nokunambitheka kwama-noodle. Ama-noodle anebutho elikhulu le-shear anamandla futhi anwebe kakhulu [26].
Bahlaziya ukuthi ushintsho lungabangelwa yizizathu ezimbili ezilandelayo:
Okokuqala, ngokwanda kwengxenye ye-yogurt, inani lamanzi angezwe kuma-noodle amasha ancipha kancane kancane, futhi okuqukethwe kwamanzi okuphansi kuzodala ukuthi inhlama ilukhuni, ngakho-ke ubulukhuni be-noodle obusha obumanzi bukhula;
Okwesibili, ukubonakala kwama-noodle amasha amasha kukhombisa ubushelelezi bobuso obumanzi obumanzi. Lapho kukhulu khona i-viscosity, izinhlayiya eziningi ezinamathela ngaphezulu kwama-noodle amasha, futhi izinto eziningi zivuthwe kusobho ngesikhathi sokupheka.
I-viscosity yama-noodle amasha wehle yehle ngemuva kokungeza i-yogurt, ekhombisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-yogurt kungakhuphula ubushelelezi be-noodle obusha obumanzi futhi banciphise imiphumela yokuthi i-yogurt inciphise ukupheka amazinga okuphekela ama-noodle amasha;
Amaprotheni e-Yogurt athambisa amaprotheni efulawa, futhi amanoni aqukethe i-yogurt enza ngcono amandla e-noodle emanzi, ngaleyo ndlela ethuthukisa ukusebenza kwemishini yama-noodle amasha amhlophe [25]. Ngakho-ke, i-Yogurt ithuthukise ukuhlafuna ama-noodle amasha emanzi ngezinga elithile, kunikeza abantu ukunambitheka okungcono kwama-noodle amasha.
Njengoba ama-noodle amasha amasha athandwa kakhulu nabathengi, abantu futhi banaka kakhulu ukunambitheka kwama-noodle amasha we-WET WET. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisa ukuthi kusekhona ukushiyeka okuthile kwikhwalithi yama-noodle amasha, ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukisweni kokuhlaziywa kwama-noodle amasha. Ngakho-ke, ukuthi ungakuthuthukisa kanjani ukuhlafuna, ukunambitheka kanye nenani lokudla okunempilo kwama-noodle amasha avela ezicini zobuchwepheshe nokuthuthukiswa kwefomula kusewukuqondiswa kocwaningo olunye ngokuzayo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Nov-25-2022