Umsebenzi wokulungisa imishini uhlukaniswe ngokulungiswa kwansuku zonke, ukulungiswa okuyinhloko kanye nokulungiswa kwesibili ngokuya ngomthwalo womsebenzi kanye nobunzima. Uhlelo lokulungisa oluvelayo lubizwa ngokuthi “uhlelo lokulungisa olunezinga ezintathu”.
(1) Ukulungiswa kwansuku zonke
Umsebenzi wokulungisa imishini okwenziwa ngabasebenzi kufanele uqhutshwe njalo, okuhlanganisa: ukuhlanza, ukufaka uphethiloli, ukulungisa, ukushintsha izingxenye ngazinye, ukuhlola ukugcotshwa, umsindo ongajwayelekile, ukuphepha, kanye nomonakalo. Ukulungiswa okuvamile kwenziwa kanye nokuhlolwa okuvamile, okuyindlela yokulungisa imishini engathathi amahora okusebenza kuphela.
(2) Ukulungiswa okuyinhloko
Luhlobo lokulungisa olungaqondile olusekelwe ekuhlolweni okuvamile futhi olunezelwa ukuhlolwa kokulungisa. Okuqukethwe kwalo okuyinhloko komsebenzi yilokhu: ukuhlolwa, ukuhlanza, kanye nokulungiswa kwezingxenye zemishini ngayinye; ukuhlolwa kwezintambo zekhabhinethi yokusabalalisa ugesi, ukususwa kothuli, kanye nokuqinisa; uma kutholakala izinkinga ezifihliwe kanye nokuphazamiseka, kumele kususwe, futhi ukuvuza kufanele kususwe. Ngemva kwezinga lokuqala lokulungisa, imishini ihlangabezana nezidingo: ukubukeka okuhlanzekile nokukhanyayo; akukho uthuli; ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kanye nokusebenza okuvamile; ukuvikelwa kokuphepha, izinsimbi zokubonisa eziphelele nezithembekile. Abasebenzi bokulungisa kufanele bagcine irekhodi elihle lokuqukethwe okuyinhloko kokulungiswa, izingozi ezifihliwe, ukuphazamiseka okutholakale futhi kwasuswa ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungisa, imiphumela yokusebenza kwesilingo, ukusebenza komsebenzi, njll., kanye nezinkinga ezikhona. Ukulungiswa kwezinga lokuqala kusekelwe kakhulu kubasebenzi, futhi abasebenzi bokulungisa abangochwepheshe bayabambisana futhi bayaqondisa.
(3) Ukunakekelwa kwesibili
Kusekelwe ekunakekelweni kwesimo sobuchwepheshe semishini. Umsebenzi wokulungiswa kwesibili uyingxenye yokulungiswa nokulungiswa okuncane, kanti ingxenye yokulungiswa okuphakathi kufanele iqedwe. Ngokuyinhloko ilungisa ukuguguleka nokulimala kwezingxenye zemishini ezisengozini. Noma ithathe indawo. Ukulungiswa kwesibili kumele kuqedele wonke umsebenzi wokulungiswa okuyinhloko, futhi kudinga ukuthi zonke izingxenye zokugcoba zihlanzwe, kuhlanganiswe nomjikelezo wokushintsha uwoyela ukuhlola ikhwalithi kawoyela wokugcoba, bese uhlanza futhi ushintshe uwoyela. Hlola isimo sobuchwepheshe esiguquguqukayo kanye nokunemba okuyinhloko kwemishini (umsindo, ukudlidliza, ukuphakama kwezinga lokushisa, ubulukhuni bomphezulu, njll.), lungisa izinga lokufakwa, shintsha noma ulungise izingxenye, hlanza noma shintsha ama-motor bearings, linganisa ukumelana nokushisa, njll. Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwesibili, ukunemba nokusebenza kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenqubo, futhi akukho ukuvuza kukawoyela, ukuvuza komoya, ukuvuza kukagesi, kanye nomsindo, ukudlidliza, ingcindezi, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, njll. kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso. Ngaphambi nangemva kokulungiswa kwesibili, izimo zobuchwepheshe eziguquguqukayo nezimile zemishini kufanele zilinganiswe, futhi amarekhodi okulungisa kufanele enziwe ngokucophelela. Ukulungiswa kwesibili kuphethwe ngabasebenzi bokulungisa abangochwepheshe, kanye nabasebenzi ababamba iqhaza.
(4) Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokulungisa imishini olunezinga ezintathu
Ukuze kwenziwe ukulungiswa okujwayelekile kokugcinwa kwemishini okunezigaba ezintathu, umjikelezo wokugcinwa, okuqukethwe kokugcinwa kanye neshejuli yesigaba sokugcinwa kwengxenye ngayinye kufanele yakhiwe ngokuya ngokuguguleka, ukusebenza, izinga lokuwohloka kokunemba kanye nokwenzeka kokwehluleka kwengxenye ngayinye yemishini, njengesisekelo semishini sokusebenza nokugcinwa. Isibonelo sohlelo lokugcinwa kwemishini siboniswe kuThebula 1. “Ο” etafuleni lisho ukulungiswa nokuhlolwa. Ngenxa yezigaba ezahlukene zokugcinwa kanye nokuqukethwe kwezikhathi ezahlukene, izimpawu ezahlukene zingasetshenziswa ukukhombisa izigaba ezahlukene zokugcinwa ezisebenzayo, njenge-“Ο” yokugcinwa kwansuku zonke, “△” yokugcinwa okuyinhloko, kanye ne-“◇” yokugcinwa kwesibili, njll.
Imishini “iyisikhali” esisikhiqizayo, futhi sidinga ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo ukuze sithuthukise izinzuzo. Ngakho-ke, sicela unake ukunakekelwa kwemishini futhi wandise ukusebenza kahle “kwezikhali”.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-06-2021